Grace的進修雜記:)

This summer is quite busy for me to doing some researches in the lab. After I saw a rainbow this morning, I find that I am in good mood.
When the bright sun lit up the grass, I felt that everything will be ok~ especially I am going to have a vacation to go home!

Abstract:
The aim of the growth of Oxide on Silicon Experiment is to make an oxidation layer on a silicon wafer. There are two factors that affect the thickness and quality of the silicon dioxide layer: growth time and growth temperature. The silicon substrate oxidized easily at a high temperature. The heating temperatures were typically in the range from 800°C to 1200°C. When oxygen arrived at the silicon surface, oxygen was combined with silicon to become silicon dioxide. The chemical reaction that took place was Si (s) + O2 (g) → SiO2 (s). This experiment explored whether the thickness of the oxide layer changed with the oxidation time and setting temperature. When the growth time was longer, the thickness of silicon oxide layer became greater. A higher temperature produced better quality oxide.
Introduction:

When write a lab report, try to use passive voice for those sentences.
In the introduction section, I need to write a brief explanation and the purpose of a experiment.
The following section is to write down the procedure of the experiment.

There is always a long line in front of Voodoo Doughnut. Therefore, My friend and I wait for 30 mins to get out doughnut. We wants to find out what's the magic inside the hole. ( The answer is different jam inside our doughnut.)
As you can see a lot of doughnuts cooling down on a four-wheeler because the store has a lot of customers.

The essential knowledge of Raman Spectroscopy was taught in this laboratory session. Not only was the optical setup of a Raman Spectrometer presented to students, but the use of proprietary software for obtaining data was also described in the laboratory. The Raman Spectrum allows students to observe the vibrational energy of molecules. By identifying the molecular vibrations, the result showed Raman Scattering.
Both Raman spectroscopy and Infrared (IR) spectroscopy are used to study the vibrational energy of molecular motion. The difference between Raman spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy is that Raman spectroscopy is a scattering spectrum, and IR spectroscopy is the absorption of light rays. Although an IR instrument is cheaper than a Raman instrument, Raman spectroscopy has several advantages over IR spectroscopy. First of all, a transparent sample is not required in Raman spectroscopy, and a transparent sample is required in IR spectroscopy. Therefore, preparing a sample for Raman spectroscopy is easier than IR spectroscopy. Next, the laser is inconvenient to use in IR spectroscopy and needs a number of grating covers over the entire infrared region. The light source of Raman can be the laser, which is much more convenient. In general, the strong bands in the IR spectrum of a compound correspond to weak bands in the Raman and vice versa. This complimentary nature is due to the electrical characteristic of the vibration. If a bond is strongly polarized, a small change in its length, such as that occurs during a vibration, will have only a small additional effect on polarization.
Before using Raman spectroscopy, the definition of Raman scattering needs to be understood. Raman scattering occurs when the surface of a sample is not smooth. Due to the medium molecular vibrations or rotation, there is an energy exchange which occurs between the incident photon and the medium molecular transition. This change occurs such that the scattered light frequency reflects. Therefore, the frequency exchange between the incident and scattered light can be regarded as the energy exchange between the incident photon and scattering molecules. This is dependent on the structure of the medium itself, bonding, and vibrational levels. Other characteristics do not need to consider the frequency of the incident radiation.

This is a famous Thai restaurant in Downtown Portland. We find it by using yelp.
If you come here during Mon to Fri at lunch time, you can order lunch specaial. The price is around $7.

This is my weekly assignment, and the topic of this week is about Electron Microscopy.
"All you wanted to know about Electron Microscopy" is a booklet on electron microscope. This handbook was published by FEI Company, which is one of the main suppliers of Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopes. The schemas of different microscopes are introduced in the booklet. As technology advances, the instruments have better magnifications. After reading the booklet, I have learned more about the microscope. Each microscope has several different advantages or disadvantages. A thin specimen is required for a TEM, and most SEM samples need to be coated to make them conductive. I gained the knowledge of how to choose a suitable microscope from this assignment.
A microscope is used to observe samples that the unaided eye cannot see.

This is a famous happy hour place in downtown Portland. First come first sit beside the window to have the best view of this city.

One of my friend will return her hometown in summer, and she will transfer to different state; therefore we make up a party for her. She really enjoyed her time chatting about what happened to us recently.

This is one of my assignment from the seminar.
This is first time for me to write 5 pages long, but I try to do my best.

This is a street-corner skit in the park.

When I come by the park in downtown Portland, I see a lot people around this group. I am so luck to see this free street performance.

Abstract
A Focused Ion Beam (also know as FIB) uses gallium (Ga) as an ion gas source. A negative electric field applied to the gallium source causes Ga ions to be released. These ions are focused into a small beam by two electric fields that act as lenses. Manipulation of the first lens’s pore size determines the size of the ion beam, while the secondary lens focuses on the surface of the specimen. A finely controlled beam of positive ions is shot onto the surface of a material, and then measures the electrons that are knocked from the surface. By mapping the electrons, the user can produce an image of the surface. The FIB is a great machine, which can cut and deposit materials and etch through metals.
Introduction

I like to have Thai food in summer. Therefore, we eat lunch in Bangkok Palace.

“A tale of opportunities, uncertainties, and risks” is an article from the magazine Nano Today. Paul J. A. Borm and David Berube are authors of the article. They present some examples of nanomaterials, which are being researched for broader application. Since taking this course “Introduction to Nano-materials science & engineering”, I have learned several concepts and enjoyed this article. I learned more about the application of nanomaterials.
Since nano-based products are used widely in several fields, the manufacture of nanoproducts is increasing and creating more job opportunities. Accordingly, having background knowledge of nanotechnology may have some advantages to get a job in the near future.
Nano-based products can be used in medical products and food additives. If the nanomaterials in them are harmful to people’s health, then it would be a very serious problem because the food and medical industries affect everyone.

This is my second time to see the firwork on Independence Day.
 
I went my friend's place to see a firework display. She lives on 23 floor. The night view was so good, but the weather was a little chilly on July 4th.

“The Biological Frontier of Physics” is an article from the magazine Physics Today. Rob Phillips and Stephen R. Quake are authors of the article. They present some problems at the interface between biology and physics. As a student who majors in physics, it is interesting to get different points of view from the biological branch of science.
In biology, DNA and RNA make molecular machines that form the basis of human’s life. DNA stores genetic information and RNA is used to translate the genetic information to make proteins. On the other hand, proteins are used to control gene expression from DNA. Therefore, the relationship between proteins and genes is not directly linear. In physics, quantum mechanics deals with physical phenomena at microscopic scales. Proteins as molecules are polymers and so we can neglect quantum mechanics when we study them. In other words, proteins can be treated as classical objects and quantum mechanics is not needed to describe their behavior. This results in a struggle conflict, and it is one of the problems at the interface between physics and biology.
Unlike thermodynamics is equilibrium with irreversible processes. Biological systems are systems that are not at equilibrium. Because of this, it is hard to apply physical models to biological systems. It is a real challenge for physicists to figure out the solution to this problem. This is because in physics, nonequilibrium systems are only talked about or studies are only done on systems that are close to equilibrium. Biological systems give physicists an opportunity to learn much more about systems that are far from equilibrium. It will probably be hard to study them from a physics point of view because many physics principles are based on rules that are not true in living cells. For example, cells are not dilute or homogenous inside but physics rules are based on those conditions. This issue really caught my attention. I would like to know if it is an exception in this case or if there may be a method to link biological dynamics with equilibrium physics. If scientists can connect them together, a lot of progress would be made in this field.